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Write a report on manufacturing bricks process

The diagram above illustrates the process that is used to manufacture bricks for the construction industry.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Source of visual data: IELTS Buddy

IELTS Writing Task 1 on manufacturing bricks process

This picture illustrates the process of making and manufacturing bricks out of clay. As it is evident, the process has six steps and it is simple and clear.

1. Diagram is much better than picture for this context.

At first, the clays are collected by a digger. Those clays are called mental grids and they will be put on a roller and they will add some water and sand to them. In the next step, there are two choices to make the material into the shape of a brick. It is done whether by a cutter or a mould. Then the brick-shaped material will be sent to a dying oven for one day to two days (24h-48h).

1. Clay is uncountable.
2. with a digger – with a tool or instrument / by an agent
3. metal grids
4. they = it (collected clay)
5. will be = is (not shift of tense in the process)
6. the collected clay is scattered over / across a metal grid and compressed with a roller
7. In the next stage, some water and sand are added to the clay. Who is ‘they’? Use passive voice.
8. it is done = this task is completed or something else which is more formal
9. whether by = either by
10. by a cutter = with a wire cutter
11. It’s better to write: the raw bricks are heated in a drying oven for a day or two.
12. dying oven = drying oven

In the next step, the dyed bricks will be sent to a kiln at a very high temperature, first at a moderate degree (from 200C to 980C) and then higher (from 870C to 1300C). Consequently, they will be sent to a cooling chamber for 2 to 3 days (48h-72h). In the last step, the bricks will be packed and they are ready for delivery.

1. dried bricks
2. will be = are
3. and get ready for delivery

Analysis and scoring

• Analysis
  • Overall, the report has not been written with precision.
• Cohesion and coherence: 18 of 25%
• Grammatical range and accuracy: 12 of 25%
• Lexical resources: 14 of 25%
• Task achievement: 17 of 25%
• Spelling: Average
• Punctuation: Good
• Word Count: “171 Words” – Excellent
• Time on Report Writing: “ 20 Minutes” – Great
• Band score: 5.5 of 9

/ˌdʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ (noun)

Definition

a group of people who are almost at the same age and hold similar opinions, beliefs and interests, age group, age bracket, peers, peer group – all the products which are at the same stage of development or manufacturing, initiation, creation, production – a particular period of time when most human babies become adults and reproduce their own offspring or children

Example

A generation gap refers to the chasm that separates the beliefs and behaviors belonging to members of two different generations. More specifically, a generation gap can be used to describe the differences in thoughts, actions, and tastes exhibited by members of younger generations versus older ones.

Source: https://www.investopedia.com/

Antonyms

prevention

Parts of speech

Adjective: generational

Adverb: generationally

Verb: generate

Adjective: generative

Noun: generator

Source of documentary: National Geographic YouTube Channel

Plastics

Plastics have become such an entrenched part of our lives, but what exactly is plastic and how is it made? Before plastic became so ubiquitous, it underwent a transformation from being a strictly natural product to being synthetically and widely produced.

Earliest uses of plastic

Some of the earliest uses of plastic date as far back as 3,500 years ago when the Olmecs of Mexico used naturally occurring plastics, sap from gum trees to create rubber balls. During the mid-19th and 20th centuries, synthetic plastics like celluloid and Bakelite, made their debut and were used for decades.

Structure of plastics

On the molecular level, plastics are made of polymers which are long flexible chains of chemical compounds. This structure allows plastics to be easily molded and shaped, especially under heat and pressure. Unlike the rubber used by the Olmecs, most of today’s plastics are manmade and derived from fossil fuels. Crude oil and natural gas are primarily sources as they provide a cheap alternative to plastic made from plants.

Steps in the production of plastic

The first step in the production of plastic is the extraction of crude oil and natural gas from the ground. From there, the fossil fuels are sent to refineries where they are converted into several products including the building blocks of plastic, ethane from crude oil and propane from natural gas.

Ethane and propane are then sent to a cracker plant to be cracked or broken down into smaller molecules. Ethane produces ethylene and propane becomes propylene. Next, a catalyst is mixed in which links the molecules together and forms polymers called resins. This structure allows plastics to be easily molded and shaped, especially under heat and pressure. Polymerization converts ethylene into the resin, polyethylene, and propylene into polypropylene.

These resins are then melted, cooled down and chopped up into preproduction plastic pellets known as nurdles. Nurdles are later transported to manufacturers who use heat to mold the nurdles into different types of plastic products.

Resin identification codes

Many of those products actually feature information about their manufacturing process. Numbers called resin identification codes are often featured indicating which chemicals were used to make the plastic.

World plastic production

Because of plastics utility, its global production has doubled about every decade. The amount of plastics produced since 1950 has measured at about 9.2 billion tons, the weight of nearly 1600 Great Pyramids of Giza.

Plastics are not environmentally friendly

Much of this plastic ends up as trash. Single-use plastics such as straws, grocery bags and packaging products are particularly detrimental. They often aren’t recycled and constitute about 40% of all plastic waste. They end up damaging natural habitats, endangering wildlife, and polluting communities around the world.

Simple measures to reduce plastic pollution

Moving forward, a great way we can counter this plastic pollution is to reduce the amount of single-use plastics we use. By opting, instead, for reusable alternatives in our day-to-day lives, each person can make a huge impact in helping decrease plastic waste.

Recycling old plastics

For plastics that are already produced, other solutions are being explored. Scientists have discovered that a few organisms are capable of breaking down plastic material. Wax worms and mealworms, for example, can devour plastics and turn them into compost. Another plastic-consuming organism is a microbe which shrinks the time plastic takes to degrade from hundreds of years to only a few days.

Modern technology to produce plastics

Change is happening in the production of plastics as well with some manufacturers turning back to plants for ingredients. Called biodegradable bioplastics, these materials are as durable as synthetic plastics, come from renewable resources and can therefore, biodegrade. Even the rubber tree, the same plant used by the Olmecs, is once again being sourced for plastic.

Today, the trees latex is used to create a range of products such as all-natural latex rubber gloves, tires, and mattresses. The rubber tree itself is now part of a global initiative for the natural and sustainable sourcing of plastic.

Plastics can be found almost anywhere, but by understanding its chemical makeup and our uses for it, we can benefit from its versatility while also being mindful of its impact on our planet.

Artifact 1100 Words You Need

/ˈɑː.tɪ.fækt/ (noun)

an object or thing that is made artificially rather than naturally, an object made by humans, objet d’art, manufactured object, work of art, item, manufactured article, product, hand-made object

An artifact is something made or given shape by humans, such as a tool or a work of art, especially an object of archaeological interest. In archaeology the word has become a term of particular nuance and is defined as, an object recovered by archaeological endeavor, which may be a cultural artifact having cultural interest.

In ethnography and archaeology, a category of “ancestral artifact” has been proposed, defined as “any object of natural raw material (chert, obsidian, wood, bone, native copper, and so on) made by a people following a lifestyle based on foraging (e.g. hunting, gathering) and/or basic agriculture.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/

Adjective: artificial

Adverb: artificially

Farsi: محصول مصنوعی، مصنوع

Fabricate 1100 Words You Need

/ˈfæb.rɪ.keɪt/ (verb)

to invent a false story to hide the truth and deceive others, make up, concoct, dream up, trump up, cook up, contrive, counterfeit, fake, feign, produce, construct, manufacture, engineer, put together, assemble, devise:

The lazy student started to fabricate a story about why he couldn’t do his homework.

Antonyms

tell the truth, destroy

Parts of Speech

• Noun: fabrication
• Noun: fabricator

Mass-produced (adj) /ˌmæs.prəˈdjuːst/ US /-ˈduːst/

produced or manufactured in large quantities with the use of machinery in factories to be sold at a reasonable cost – machine-made:

mass-produced automobiles

Parts of Speech

• Noun: mass-production
• Verb: mass-produce

Antonyms

handmade