Pandemonium Pandemonium (noun) /ˌpæn.dəˈməʊ.ni.əm/ US /-ˈmoʊ-/ a noisy situation or place in which people are excited, thrilled or angry – cacophony – bedlam – chaos – tumult – uproar: When the underdog won the fierce competition, there was such great pandemonium in the football field. Antonyms order, tranquility
IELTS Reading on Butterfly Effect with Flashcards IELTS Reading on Butterfly Effect Source: Wikipedia.org What is the Butterfly Effect? In chaos theory, the butterfly effect is the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in which a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state. The Origin of the Butterfly Effect The term, closely associated …
Chaos Theory Chaos theory was developed from the 1960s work of the meteorologist, Edward Lorenz. Lorenz discovered that a very small difference (less than one part in one thousand) in the initial conditions led to large changes in the weather predicted by his model over time. A chaos is included in a larger phenomenon, that …
Complexity Theory Complexity theory is closely linked to chaos theory. Complex systems are random, nonlinear, unpredictable, self-organising, and subject to ‘strange attractor’, (i.e. they home in on a pattern that determines the boundaries of the phenomenon). Language and L2 acquisition are best viewed as complex systems. Larsen-Freeman identified a number of features of L2 acquisition …