Acculturation Model Acculturation model is one of the aspects of ‘language-culture connection. Schumann’s Acculturation Model was established to account for the acquisition of L2 by immigrants in majority language settings.…
Impact factor (IF) of an academic journal is a measure reflecting the average number of citations to recent articles published in that journal. It is frequently used as a proxy…
Structure Dependency Structure dependency is one of the properties of human language. Furthermore, it is one of the principles of Universal Grammar (UG), which is common to the syntax of…
Transformational Generative Grammar Transformational Generative Grammar In the late 1960s, Noam Chomsky replaced behaviorism with cognitive psychology. Based on thinking, comprehension, memory, and uniqueness of language learning to the human…
Good Language Learner Good Language Learner Early research on language learning strategies took the form of ‘good language learner studies’. One of the best-known and frequently cited of these studies…
Foreigner Talk Foreigner Talk The three functions of foreigner talk can be identified: It promotes communication through simplifying utterances and making them easier to process or clarifying what has been…
L2 = L1 Hypothesis L2 = L1 Hypothesis (also known as the ‘identity hypothesis’) has received considerable attention in SLA research as it raises a number of important theoretical issues…
Traditional Instructional Theory Traditional instructional theory assumes that knowledge and skill can be analysed into component parts that function in the same way no matter where they are used (Resnick,…
Criterion-referenced Testing Criterion-referenced Testing Also known as ‘domain-referenced tests’ They are devised before the instruction itself is designed. The test must match teaching objectives perfectly, so that any tendency of…
Interlanguage Interlanguage Selinker (1969, 1972) coined this term to refer to the special mental grammars that learners construct during the course of their development. This theory credited learners with playing…
Adaptive Control of Thought Model Adaptive Control of Thought Model or the ACT model puts emphasis on the role of practice in the transitional change of knowledge. Anderson assumes that…
Competition Model Competition Model is based on inductive approach to learning (empiricism). MacWhinney (2007) outlined a development of the Competition Model, which he called the Unified Model because it sought…
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