Transformational Generative Grammar In the late 1960s, Noam Chomsky replaced behaviorism with cognitive psychology. Based on thinking, comprehension, memory, and uniqueness of language learning to the human species. Chomsky claims that the history of linguistics shows a move from an E-language to an I-language approach; “the shift of focus from the dubious concept of E-language …
Good Language Learner Good Language Learner Early research on language learning strategies took the form of ‘good language learner studies’. One of the best-known and frequently cited of these studies is Naiman (1978, 1996). This was a double-barrelled study of highly successful adult L2 learners and adolescent classroom learners of L2 French, using intensive face-to-face …
Foreigner Talk Foreigner Talk The three functions of foreigner talk can be identified: It promotes communication through simplifying utterances and making them easier to process or clarifying what has been said. It signals, implicitly or explicitly, speakers’ attitudes towards their interlocutors. It can create an affective bond between the native speaker and non-native speaker. It …
L2 = L1 Hypothesis L2 = L1 Hypothesis (also known as the ‘identity hypothesis’) has received considerable attention in SLA research as it raises a number of important theoretical issues. These concern whether the language acquisition device which mentalists claim is responsible for L1 acquisition is available to L2 learners. The similarities in learner language …
Interlanguage Interlanguage Selinker coined this term to refer to the special mental grammars that learners construct during the course of their development. This theory credited learners with playing an active role in constructing mental grammars. Second language learners tend to go through a systematic or quasi-systematic developmental process as they progress to full competence in …
IELTS Listening Practice Origin of English IELTS Listening Practice Origin of English About this activity This activity is labeled round table by Dr. Hariri, the creator and administrator of LELB Society. This activity is on the premise of Flipped Learning, according to which the students watch a video before the class, carry out research into the selected theme, and prepare themselves for an informed discussion in the class. This activity …
English Presentation Alzheimer’s Disease English Presentation Alzheimer’s Disease Watch this video on YouTube LELB Lecturer: Mojgan Handout Provided by the Lecturer How does Alzheimer affect language production? What is the relationship between retirement and Alzheimer’s Disease? Why is late retirement more beneficial in postponing Alzheimer? What is meant by “use it or lose it”, and how …
Child Language Acquisition Child Language Acquisition Cromer concludes that experience stimulates language organisational processes and that these affect other linguistic structures that are internally related. The children appeared to be building their own grammars in their own way, without direct positive or negative evidence as to what was right or wrong. Children are creative, selective …
Skinner Skinner attempted to extend a classical behaviorist model of learning to language in his famous ‘Verbal Behavior’. His goal was to provide a way to predict and control verbal behavior by observing and manipulating the physical environment of the speaker. In his review of this work, Chomsky showed that the Skinnerian concepts for learning …
Language-centered Method Language-centered Method Language-centered methods are those that are principally concerned with linguistic forms. These methods such as ‘Audiolingual Method, seek to provide opportunities for learners to practice pre-selected, pre-sequenced linguistic structures through form-focused exercises in class, assuming that a preoccupation with form will ultimately lead to the mastery of the target language and …