Test Specifications Test specifications – usually called ‘specs’ – are generative explanatory documents for the creation of test tasks. Specs tell us the nuts and bolts of how to phrase the test items, how to structure the test layout, how to locate the passage, and how to make a host of difficult choices as we …
Reverse Engineering Reverse engineering (RE) is an idea of ancient origin; the name was coined by Davidson and Lynch, but they are the first to admit that all they created was the name. RE is an analytical process of test creation that begins with an actual test question and infers the guiding language that drives …
Evidence-Centered Design Evidence-centered Design was developed by Mislevy. It is important that we see the tasks or items that we design for tests as part of a larger picture, and one approach to doing this in a systematic way is ECD, a methodology for test design and construction developed at Educational Testing Service (ETS). ECD is …
Validity Validity The two scholars who proposed the concept of validity were Cronbach and Meehl (1950s). Messick changed the way in which we understand validity. He described validity as: An integrated evaluative judgement of the degree to which empirical evidence and theoretical rationales support the adequacy and appropriateness of inferences and actions based on test …
Reliability Reliability The key feature of this important trait requires the standardization of administration and tasks as well as scoring. Reliability is the consistency of test scores across facets of the test. Independent items or tasks in a single test should correlate with each other and the test-total score. That is, there is an assumption …
Construct Validity Construct Validity In this type of validity, it is attempted to test psychologically real constructs that have an independent existence in the test taker, and that the test scores represent the degree of presence or absence of this very real property. In this response, Cronbach and Meehl (1955) state: This type of validity …
Scholastic Assessment Tests | An IELTS Essay Sample Scholastic Assessment Tests | An IELTS Essay Sample IELTS Writing Task 2 Your essay should include at least 250 words. You should spend approximately 40 minutes on this task. In this task, your ability to respond to a topic, generate relevant ideas, outline problems and offer solutions …
Construct in Psychology Construct is a term used in psychology to label underlying skills or attributes. A construct is an explanatory device, so-called because it is a theoretical construction about the nature of human behavior. In test development, the construct being assessed is defined before the test is developed; this is to make sure that …
Final Examinations | An IELTS Essay Sample Final Examinations | An IELTS Essay Sample Topic: Some scholars and educationists maintain that final examinations must be replaced with continuous assessment to encourage the students to be active during the term. Some others believe that final examinations are the best way to evaluate the students’ competency. Write …
IELTS essay on testing new products on animals written by LELB Society students and submitted to us for analysis and evaluation Essay topic on testing new products on animals As public safety is of the highest importance, it is often necessary to test new products on animals. It is better for a few animals to …