L2 = L1 Hypothesis L2 = L1 Hypothesis (also known as the ‘identity hypothesis’) has received considerable attention in SLA research as it raises a number of important theoretical issues (Clahsen, 1990). These concern whether the language acquisition device which mentalists claim is responsible for L1 acquisition is available to L2 learners. The similarities in…
Traditional Instructional Theory Traditional instructional theory assumes that knowledge and skill can be analysed into component parts that function in the same way no matter where they are used (Resnick, 1989). Psychological theories of the 1920s assumed that learning of complex competencies could be broken down into discrete skills learnt separately, through developing individual stimulus-response…
English Presentation on Learning Styles English Presentation on Learning Styles Watch this video on YouTube. Handout Provided by the Lecturer What are the three main learning styles? How do you define learning styles? What is your dominant learning style? How differently visual and auditory learners try to learn new things? How should a teacher interact with…
Interlanguage Interlanguage Selinker (1969, 1972) coined this term to refer to the special mental grammars that learners construct during the course of their development. This theory credited learners with playing an active role in constructing mental grammars. Second language learners tend to go through a systematic or quasi-systematic developmental process as they progress to full…
Criterion-referenced Testing Criterion-referenced Testing Also known as ‘domain-referenced tests’ They are devised before the instruction itself is designed. The test must match teaching objectives perfectly, so that any tendency of the teacher to “teach to the test” would be permissible in that attaining objectives would thereby be assured. A criterion or ‘cut-off’ score is set…
Foreigner Talk Foreigner Talk The three functions of foreigner talk can be identified: It promotes communication through simplifying utterances and making them easier to process or clarifying what has been said (Hatch, 1983). It signals, implicitly or explicitly, speakers’ attitudes towards their interlocutors. It can create an affective bond between the native speaker and non-native…
Good Language Learner Good Language Learner Early research on language learning strategies took the form of ‘good language learner studies’. One of the best-known and frequently cited of these studies is Naiman (1978, 1996). This was a double-barrelled study of highly successful adult L2 learners and adolescent classroom learners of L2 French, using intensive face-to-face…
Free English Class on Smoking Free English Class on Smoking Join our Free English Class for IELTS and TOEFL to practice the 4 skills. This class is 100% free for our members. Click here to join LELB Society in a minute. Watch this video on YouTube. Register for our 100% free English class. Study the…
Free English Class on Culture Free English Class on Culture Join our Free English Class for IELTS and TOEFL to practice the 4 skills. This class is 100% free for our members. Click here to join Mohammad Hossein Hariri Asl in July of 2010. The major objective of this online environment is to provide ample opportunities for all of the people, particularly Iranians, to optimize their…
French Culture and Customs French Culture and Customs Author of Article: Sasan People in different countries have various qualities, cultures, customs, and languages which are mostly worth specific attention. As long as nobody is insulted, every culture can be studied meticulously. Sometimes, ordinary people stick ridiculously to a monotonous lifestyle in such a manner which…