Attention Attention is viewed as a mainly conscious process involving working memory (Ellis, 2008). Attention is defined as a process in which biological mechanisms interact when goal-directed behaviours and stimulus-driven responses converge in action. Schmidt (1990) has argued that attention is essential to learning; that is, there is no learning without attention. While this strong…
Cognitive Psychology Cognitive Psychology The subject matter of cognitive psychology consists of the main internal psychological processes that are involved in making sense of the environment and deciding what action might be appropriate. These processes include attention, perception, learning and memory, language, problem solving, reasoning and thinking. Contemporary cognitive psychology has built on the very…
Information Processing Theory Information processing theory models typically propose three types of memory stores: Sensory Memory: It is capable of holding information only very briefly. Short-term Memory: A short-term memory includes working memory, where information is held for a short but sufficient period of time to enable processing to take place. Working Memory: Working memory…
Language Learning Strategies Language Learning Strategies They are mental and communicative procedures learners use in order to learn and use language. Strategies can help the students to increase their level of consciousness and awareness over their learning process. Learning strategies are perhaps best defined in terms of a set of characteristics that figure in most…
Cortex Cortex or cerebral cortex covers the surface of the brain and is only 2-4 mm (0.08-0.16 inches) thick. It plays a central role in such functions as memory, attention, perceptual awareness, language, and consciousness. The outermost part of the cortex is grey in color, hence the common term ‘grey matter’. The inner layers are…
Mental Gender Differences – English Conversation Class Mental Gender Differences – An English Conversation Class What are the most noticeable mental gender differences between men and women? Do you think that stamina or physical power is the only criterion to be taken into account? At which tasks are women better than men? Do you think…
Dream Interpretation – IELTS Speaking practice Dream Interpretation – IELTS Speaking Practice Relevant Audio / Video File Watch or listen to the following video/audio file in conjunction with the topic being discussed and try to answer the questions about it. Questions about the video/audio file Which one of the five dream interpretations is more familiar…
Noticing Hypothesis in second language learning Noticing Hypothesis Schmidt (1990) claimed that attention to input is a conscious process. He viewed noticing (i.e. registering formal features in the input) and noticing the gap (i.e. identifying how the input to which the learner is expected differs from the output the learner is able to generate) as…
Become familiar with the structure of your mind, an article written by Hajar Aziz Zanjani Three sections of mind according to Freud’s idea The concept of three levels of mind is nothing new. Sigmund Freud created a useful model of the mind, which he separated into 3 sections – the conscious mind or ego, the…