Do you need to learn basic Farsi grammar easily to speak Persian and write in Farsi flawlessly? Although it might first seem rather intimidating to learn Persian grammar, we reassure you that learning Farsi grammar is a lot easier than what you think. However, this largely depends on whether you use an operational learning method…
Structure Dependency Structure dependency is one of the properties of human language. Furthermore, it is one of the principles of Universal Grammar (UG), which is common to the syntax of all languages. Knowledge of language relies on the structural relationship in the sentences rather than on the sequence of words. This structural relationship in the…
Transformational Generative Grammar In the late 1960s, Noam Chomsky replaced behaviorism with cognitive psychology. Based on thinking, comprehension, memory, and uniqueness of language learning to the human species. Chomsky claims that the history of linguistics shows a move from an E-language to an I-language approach; “the shift of focus from the dubious concept of E-language…
Common Grammar Mistakes in English Common Grammar Mistakes in English The Outline of This Lesson on Common Grammar Mistakes Today morning, I woke up late. :arrow: This morning, I woke up late. “This morning” makes a common collocation in English, while “today morning” is not a collocation at all. What’s the different? :arrow: What’s the…
Child Language Acquisition Child Language Acquisition Cromer concludes that experience stimulates language organisational processes and that these affect other linguistic structures that are internally related. The children appeared to be building their own grammars in their own way, without direct positive or negative evidence as to what was right or wrong. Children are creative, selective…
Language-centered Method Language-centered Method Language-centered methods are those that are principally concerned with linguistic forms. These methods such as ‘Audiolingual Method, seek to provide opportunities for learners to practice pre-selected, pre-sequenced linguistic structures through form-focused exercises in class, assuming that a preoccupation with form will ultimately lead to the mastery of the target language and…
Language Making Capacity Language Making Capacity Slobin proposes a ‘language making capacity’ (LMC). Like Chomsky’s Language Faculty, the LMC contains universal principles. Unlike the principles of Chomsky’s Language Faculty, these are ‘Operating Principles’ (OP), i.e., principles specifically for working inductively on the physical acoustic stimulus for a specific language to which children are exposed. The…
Generative Grammar Generative Grammar According to ‘generative grammar’ proposed by Chomsky, a language is not a system of rules, but a set of specifications for parameters in an invariant system of principles of Universal Grammar (UG). It is believed that humans are able to produce sequences which they have never encountered before. A generative grammar…
Output Hypothesis Output Hypothesis Swain’s Comprehensible Output Hypothesis emphasises the importance of consciousness, both in terms of learners’ noticing gaps in their interlanguage and developing metalinguistic awareness. The comprehensible output hypothesis constitutes an important addition to work on the role of interaction in L2 acquisition. In other words, output contributes to acquisition. It is in…
Error Analysis Error Analysis (EA) The history of error analysis dates back from the late 1960s. Corder spelt out the theoretical rationale and empirical procedures for carrying out an error analysis. Corder noted that errors provided the researcher with evidence of who language was learnt, and also that they served as devices by which the…