IELTS Writing Task 1 | Export Performance IELTS Writing Task 1 | Export Performance ?Instructions: The chart below gives some information about Someland’s main export performances in 2005, 2015, and its future prospect in 2025. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information delineated in the graph. Essayist: Arash The bar chart below…
Communicative Language Testing Communicative Language Testing The advent of communicative language testing saw a growing preference for face-to-face interaction as the context in which the assessment of spoken language skills would occur. In communicative language testing, the target of test inferences is performance of a set of communicative tasks in various contexts of use. The…
Competence Competence corresponds to the I-language (Internal Language). Competency is the speaker/hearer’s knowledge of his language. It’s an abstract version of knowledge. Competency is independent of situation. It represent what the speaker knows in the abstract. The different types of competence are: grammatical competency, linguistic competency, communicative competency, pragmatic competency, Communicative Competency: Discourse Competency: The…
Speech Acts Speech acts are carried out over various turns and their exact shape takes into account interlocutor reactions. In other words, conversation is co-constructed by both interlocutors, which is something that can never be simulated with DCTs. Speech acts are certainly the most researched area of pragmatics, and they are arguably the most social,…
Evidence-Centered Design Evidence-centered Design was developed by Mislevy. It is important that we see the tasks or items that we design for tests as part of a larger picture, and one approach to doing this in a systematic way is ECD, a methodology for test design and construction developed at Educational Testing Service (ETS). ECD is…
Error Analysis Error Analysis (EA) The history of error analysis dates back from the late 1960s. Corder spelt out the theoretical rationale and empirical procedures for carrying out an error analysis. Corder noted that errors provided the researcher with evidence of who language was learnt, and also that they served as devices by which the…
IELTS Mock Tests IELTS Mock Tests fall into the category of prognostic tests to evaluate your competence or preparation for the real IELTS exam. These predictive tests are online practice tests to provide you a benchmark for your preparation for the Academic IELTS test. Advantages of Taking IELTS Mock Tests: This test evaluates your proficiency…
Formative Assessment | An IELTS Essay Sample Formative Assessment | An IELTS Essay Sample Topic Nowadays, scholars in the field of education contend that formative assessment (as opposed to summative assessment), in which more consideration is given to the lengthy process of learning rather than final examinations, should be applied to academic education. What is…
Input Hypothesis Input Hypothesis Krashen’s Input Hypothesis explicitly rejects a role for consciousness, claiming that “acquisition” is a subconscious process. Krashen assumed a ‘language acquisition device’, that is, an innate mental structure capable of handling both first and second language acquisition. The input activates this innate structure. But only input of a very specific kind…
Teamwork | A Presentation in English Teamwork | A Presentation in English Watch this video on YouTube LELB Lecturer: Hajar Aziz Zanjani Listen to this presentation. Questions about the Presentation: What would happen if we work with each other? What’s Steve Jobs’ viewpoint about successful business? Discuss some of the main benefits of collaboration. Is…